Energy Use Patterns in German Manufacturing from 2003 to 2017

Abstract The manufacturing sector accounts for a substantial share of the German gross domestic product, employment and carbon emissions. Therefore, reducing its energy use emissions is crucial importance to Germany’s Transition. In this paper, we analyse patterns in between 2003 2017, using rich administrative micro-data. We find that although has been faced with rising costs as total costs, not declined except briefly during economic crisis. also intensity, larger degree, intensity follow decreasing trend 2017. stronger response latter variable can be attributed changes fuel mix.